Indo-European languages
Indo-European is a language family with 325 languages profiled on Glottosphere, spoken in Africa, Africa, Eurasia, South America, Australia, Eurasia, North America, Papunesia, and South America. The largest by number of speakers are English, Hindi, and Spanish. 161 of them are listed as endangered.
| Language | Countries | Speakers | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | 34 countries | 1,500,000,000 | |
| Hindi | Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal | 610,000,000 | |
| Spanish | 30 countries | 560,000,000 | |
| French | 12 countries | 310,000,000 | |
| Bengali | Bangladesh, India, Nepal | 273,000,000 | |
| Portuguese | 15 countries | 264,000,000 | |
| Russian | 20 countries | 255,000,000 | |
| Urdu | Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 232,000,000 | |
| German | 16 countries | 135,000,000 | |
| Punjabi | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 130,000,000 | |
| Marathi | India | 95,000,000 | |
| Italian | 8 countries | 68,000,000 | |
| Gujarati | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan | 62,000,000 | |
| Polish | 8 countries | 45,000,000 | |
| Ukrainian | 8 countries | 35,000,000 | |
| Dutch | 11 countries | 30,000,000 | |
| Romanian | 6 countries | 28,000,000 | |
| Afrikaans | 6 countries | 17,000,000 | |
| Sinhala | Sri Lanka | 17,000,000 | |
| Assamese | Bangladesh, Bhutan, India | 15,000,000 | |
| Czech | Austria, Czechia, Poland, Slovakia | 13,000,000 | |
| Greek | 10 countries | 13,000,000 | |
| Swedish | 5 countries | 10,000,000 | |
| Catalan | Andorra, Spain, France, Italy | 9,000,000 | |
| Bulgarian | 8 countries | 8,000,000 | |
| Slovak | 7 countries | 7,000,000 | |
| Kashmiri | India, Pakistan | 6,800,000 | |
| Danish | Germany, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland | 5,600,000 | |
| Armenian | 6 countries | 5,100,000 | |
| Belarusian | 6 countries | 5,100,000 | |
| Garhwali | China, India | 2,920,000 | Vulnerable |
| Lithuanian | 5 countries | 2,800,000 | |
| Slovenian | 5 countries | 2,100,000 | |
| Piemontese | Australia, Italy, United States | 2,000,000 | Vulnerable |
| Latvian | 5 countries | 1,750,000 | |
| Romagnol | Italy, San Marino | 1,500,000 | Threatened |
| Eastern Yiddish | 22 countries | 1,200,000 | At risk |
| Dimli | Türkiye | 1,000,000 | Vulnerable |
| Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia | 912,000 | At risk |
| Vlax Romani | 32 countries | 885,970 | At risk |
| Faroese | Denmark, Faroe Islands | 720,000 | |
| Balkan Romani | 30 countries | 611,800 | At risk |
| Friulian | Austria, Italy | 600,412 | Threatened |
| Walloon | Belgium, France, Luxembourg | 600,000 | Threatened |
| Welsh | Argentina, United Kingdom | 562,016 | Vulnerable |
| Campidanese Sardinian | Italy | 500,000 | Vulnerable |
| Logudorese Sardinian | Italy | 500,000 | Threatened |
| Mahasu Pahari | India | 500,000 | At risk |
| Carpathian Romani | 28 countries | 472,470 | At risk |
| Ladino | 14 countries | 400,000 | At risk |
| Sirmauri | India | 400,000 | At risk |
| Macedo-Romanian | 7 countries | 350,000 | Threatened |
| Sinte Romani | 29 countries | 318,920 | At risk |
| Khowar | India, Pakistan | 300,000 | At risk |
| Western Frisian | Netherlands | 300,000 | At risk |
| Nicaragua Creole English | Nicaragua | 267,500 | Vulnerable |
| Takestani | Iran | 220,000 | At risk |
| Breton | France | 206,000 | At risk |
| Picard | Belgium, France | 200,000 | Vulnerable |
| Corsican | France, Italy | 160,000 | At risk |
| Pontic | Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Türkiye | 150,000 | Threatened |
| Arpitan | Switzerland, France, Italy | 130,000 | Endangered |
| Chambeali | India | 129,654 | At risk |
| Gaddi | India | 120,000 | At risk |
| Churahi | India | 110,552 | At risk |
| Asturian | Spain, Portugal | 110,000 | At risk |
| Bukharic | Israel, Uzbekistan | 110,000 | At risk |
| Arbëreshë Albanian | Italy | 100,000 | Vulnerable |
| Gallurese Sardinian | Italy | 100,000 | At risk |
| Gurani | Iraq, Iran | 100,000 | Vulnerable |
| Sassarese Sardinian | Italy | 100,000 | At risk |
| Pennsylvania German | Canada, United States | 98,700 | Vulnerable |
| Jaunsari | India | 96,995 | Vulnerable |
| Shughni | Afghanistan, Tajikistan | 90,000 | Vulnerable |
| Lari | Iran | 80,000 | Vulnerable |
| Torwali | Pakistan | 80,000 | Vulnerable |
| Bhadrawahi | India, Pakistan | 69,000 | Vulnerable |
| Romansh | Austria, Switzerland, Italy | 60,000 | Vulnerable |
| Semnani | Iran | 60,000 | Vulnerable |
| Baltic Romani | 5 countries | 58,460 | Vulnerable |
| Silesian | Poland | 56,000 | Vulnerable |
| Mal Paharia | India | 51,000 | Vulnerable |
| Arvanitika Albanian | Greece | 50,000 | Vulnerable |
| Kashubian | Poland | 50,000 | Vulnerable |
| Wakhi | Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, Tajikistan | 37,570 | Vulnerable |
| Sangisari | Iran | 36,000 | Vulnerable |
| Irish | United Kingdom, Ireland | 30,000 | Endangered |
| Bateri | India, Pakistan | 28,251 | Vulnerable |
| Harzani | Iran | 28,100 | Vulnerable |
| Judeo-Tat | Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia | 25,000 | Vulnerable |
| Scottish Gaelic | United Kingdom | 25,000 | Threatened |
| Bote-Majhi | Nepal | 24,664 | Vulnerable |
| Majhi | India, Nepal | 24,422 | Endangered |
| Khunsari | Iran | 24,000 | Vulnerable |
| Dhanwar (Nepal) | Nepal | 23,721 | Threatened |
| Lower Silesian | Czechia, Germany, Poland | 22,900 | Vulnerable |
| Ashtiani | Iran | 21,100 | Vulnerable |
| Nahari | India | 20,400 | Vulnerable |
| Bajelani | Iraq, Iran | 20,000 | Vulnerable |
| Ladin | Italy | 20,000 | Threatened |
| Vafsi | Iran | 20,000 | Vulnerable |
| Upper Sorbian | Germany | 18,240 | Vulnerable |
| Karingani | Iran | 17,600 | Vulnerable |
| Pangwali | India | 17,000 | Threatened |
| Sarikoli | China | 16,000 | Vulnerable |
| Mirandese | Spain, Portugal | 15,000 | Vulnerable |
| Yagnobi | Tajikistan | 13,500 | Vulnerable |
| Kumhali | Nepal | 12,200 | Endangered |
| Aragonese | Spain, France | 10,000 | Endangered |
| Sorkhei | Iran | 10,000 | Vulnerable |
| Phalura | Pakistan | 9,841 | Vulnerable |
| Gawar-Bati | Afghanistan, Pakistan | 9,000 | Vulnerable |
| Northern Frisian | Germany, Denmark | 8,000 | Threatened |
| Prasuni | Afghanistan | 8,000 | Vulnerable |
| Parya | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 7,500 | Threatened |
| Yazgulyam | Tajikistan | 7,500 | Vulnerable |
| Lower Sorbian | Germany | 7,240 | Threatened |
| Bashkardi | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Gazi | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Natanzi | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Nayini | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Sivandi | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Soi | Iran | 7,030 | Threatened |
| Ashkun | Afghanistan | 7,000 | Threatened |
| Louisiana Creole | United States | 7,000 | Severely Endangered |
| Parachi | Afghanistan | 6,900 | Threatened |
| Torres Strait Creole | Australia | 6,000 | Vulnerable |
| Yidgha | Pakistan | 6,000 | Threatened |
| Western Yiddish | 7 countries | 5,400 | Threatened |
| Dameli | Pakistan | 5,000 | Vulnerable |
| Grangali | Afghanistan | 5,000 | Threatened |
| Luwati | Oman | 5,000 | Vulnerable |
| Megleno Romanian | Greece, North Macedonia | 5,000 | Threatened |
| Muslim Tat | Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia | 5,000 | Severely Endangered |
| Saterfriesisch | Germany | 5,000 | Threatened |
| Kati | Afghanistan, Pakistan | 4,400 | Threatened |
| Kalasha | Pakistan | 4,000 | Threatened |
| Kumzari | Oman | 4,000 | Vulnerable |
| Munji | Afghanistan | 3,770 | Threatened |
| Darai | Nepal | 3,060 | Endangered |
| Brokskat | India | 3,000 | Threatened |
| Tsakonian | Greece | 3,000 | Severely Endangered |
| Chilisso | Pakistan | 2,500 | Threatened |
| Ishkashimi | Afghanistan, Tajikistan | 2,500 | Threatened |
| Malaccan Creole Portuguese | Malaysia | 2,150 | Endangered |
| Cimbrian | Italy | 2,000 | Threatened |
| Manx | United Kingdom, Isle of Man | 2,000 | Awakening |
| Palenquero | Colombia | 2,000 | Endangered |
| Mócheno | Italy | 1,900 | Threatened |
| Kalami | Pakistan | 1,500 | Threatened |
| Waigali | Afghanistan | 1,500 | Threatened |
| Gowro | Pakistan | 1,000 | Threatened |
| Lasgerdi | Iran | 1,000 | Threatened |
| Tregami | Afghanistan | 1,000 | Threatened |
| Ushojo | Pakistan | 1,000 | Threatened |
| Bhaya | Pakistan | 700 | Endangered |
| Pitcairn-Norfolk | 5 countries | 630 | Endangered |
| Chinali | India | 625 | Severely Endangered |
| Cornish | United Kingdom | 600 | Awakening |
| Sonha | Nepal | 579 | Endangered |
| Istriot | Croatia | 400 | Severely Endangered |
| Domaaki | Pakistan | 350 | Severely Endangered |
| Istro Romanian | Croatia | 300 | Endangered |
| Sea Island Creole English | United States | 300 | Endangered |
| Aer | Pakistan | 200 | Endangered |
| Koroshi | Iran | 180 | Endangered |
| Minderico | Portugal | 150 | Severely Endangered |
| Hinduri | India | 138 | Endangered |
| Judeo-Italian | Italy | 50 | Severely Endangered |
| Macanese | China | 50 | Critically Endangered |
| Alviri-Vidari | Iran | Severely Endangered | |
| Ancient Greek (to 1453) | Greece | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda Creole English | 6 countries | ||
| Avestan | Iran | ||
| Awadhi | India, Nepal | ||
| Bactrian | Afghanistan | ||
| Bakhtiari | Iran | ||
| Bavarian | 7 countries | ||
| Berbice Creole Dutch | Guyana | Dormant | |
| Bhattiyali | India | ||
| Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | ||
| Bishnupriya | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar (Burma) | Vulnerable | |
| Bislama | New Caledonia, Vanuatu | ||
| Bodo Parja | India | ||
| Braj | India | ||
| Cajun French | United States | ||
| Caló | Spain | ||
| Cappadocian Greek | Greece, Türkiye | Endangered | |
| Central Kurdish | Iraq, Iran | ||
| Chakma | Bangladesh, India | ||
| Chavacano | Philippines | ||
| Church Slavonic | Russia | ||
| Classical Armenian | Armenia | ||
| Dalmatian | Croatia | ||
| Dari | 5 countries | ||
| Dhivehi | India, Maldives | ||
| Eastern Frisian | Germany | ||
| Emilian | Italy | ||
| Eshtehardi | Iran | ||
| Extremaduran | Spain, Portugal | ||
| Fala | Spain, Portugal | ||
| Faliscan | Italy | ||
| Fernando Po Creole English | Equatorial Guinea | ||
| Fiji Hindi | Australia, Fiji, United States | ||
| Galician | Spain, Portugal | ||
| Gāndhārī | Pakistan | ||
| Gothic | Ukraine | ||
| Gozarkhani | Iran | ||
| Gronings | Germany, Netherlands | ||
| Guadeloupean Creole French | St. Barthélemy, Guadeloupe, Martinique | ||
| Guianese Creole French | Brazil, French Guiana | ||
| Haitian Creole | Dominican Republic, Haiti | ||
| Hajong | Bangladesh, India | ||
| Haryanvi | India | ||
| Hittite | Türkiye | ||
| Hunsrik | Brazil | ||
| Icelandic | Iceland | ||
| Jamaican Creole English | Jamaica, Panama | ||
| Javindo | Indonesia | Critically Endangered | |
| Kabatei | Iran | ||
| Kabuverdianu | Cape Verde | ||
| Kachhi | India, Pakistan | ||
| Kajali | Iran | ||
| Kalo Finnish Romani | Finland, Sweden | ||
| Kho'ini | Iran | Severely Endangered | |
| Kohistani Shina | Pakistan | ||
| Krio | 5 countries | ||
| Kriol | Australia | ||
| Kurdish (Kurmanji) | 9 countries | ||
| Laki | Iran | ||
| Lambadi | India | ||
| Latin | Vatican City | ||
| Ligurian | France, Italy, Monaco | ||
| Limburgish | Belgium, Germany, Netherlands | ||
| Lodhi | India | ||
| Lombard | Switzerland, Italy | ||
| Low German | Germany | ||
| Macedonian | 5 countries | ||
| Magahi | India | ||
| Maithili | India, Nepal | ||
| Maraghei | Iran | ||
| Mazanderani | Iran | ||
| Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350) | Netherlands | ||
| Middle English (1100-1500) | United Kingdom | ||
| Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500) | Germany | ||
| Middle Low German | Germany | ||
| Morisyen | Mauritius | ||
| Mycenaean Greek | Greece | ||
| Naga Pidgin | India | ||
| Nahali | India | ||
| Neapolitan | Italy | ||
| Nigerian Pidgin | Nigeria | ||
| Occitan | 5 countries | ||
| Odia | India | ||
| Old Dutch | Netherlands | ||
| Old English | United Kingdom | ||
| Old French (842-ca. 1400) | France | ||
| Old Frisian | Netherlands | ||
| Old High German (ca. 750-1050) | Germany | ||
| Old Irish (to 900) | Ireland | ||
| Old Marathi | India | ||
| Old Norse | Norway | ||
| Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.) | Iran | ||
| Old Provençal (to 1500) | France | ||
| Old Russian | Russia | ||
| Old Saxon | Germany | ||
| Old Spanish | Spain | ||
| Ormuri | Afghanistan, Pakistan | Endangered | |
| Oscan | Italy | ||
| Ossetic | Russia | ||
| Pahari-Potwari | India, Pakistan | ||
| Pahlavi | Iran | ||
| Pali | India, Myanmar (Burma) | ||
| Palya Bareli | India | ||
| Papiamento | Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Netherlands | ||
| Petjo | Indonesia | Critically Endangered | |
| Phrygian | Türkiye | ||
| Pijin | Solomon Islands | ||
| Plautdietsch | Canada | ||
| Polabian | Germany | ||
| Prussian | Poland | ||
| Razajerdi | Iran | ||
| Réunion Creole French | Réunion | ||
| Rohingya | Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand | ||
| Rudbari | Iran | ||
| Rusyn | 6 countries | ||
| Sanskrit | India | ||
| Saraiki | India, Pakistan | ||
| Saramaccan | French Guiana, Suriname | ||
| Savi | Afghanistan, Pakistan | ||
| Scots | United Kingdom | Endangered | |
| Serbo-Croatian | Serbia | ||
| Seselwa Creole French | Seychelles | ||
| Shahmirzadi | Iran | ||
| Shina | India, Pakistan | ||
| Shumashti | Afghanistan | Severely Endangered | |
| Sicilian | Italy | ||
| Sindhi | India, Pakistan | ||
| Slavomolisano | Italy | ||
| Sogdian | Uzbekistan | ||
| Southern Kurdish | Iraq, Iran | ||
| Southwestern Fars | Iran | ||
| Sranan Tongo | Netherlands, Suriname | ||
| Swiss German | 6 countries | ||
| Sylheti | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar (Burma) | ||
| Tajik | 5 countries | ||
| Tirahi | Afghanistan | Dormant | |
| Tok Pisin | Papua New Guinea | ||
| Tokharian A | China | ||
| Tokharian B | China | ||
| Transalpine Gaulish | France | ||
| Umbrian | Italy | ||
| Upper Guinea Crioulo | Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, United States | ||
| Upper Taromi | Iran | ||
| Vaghri | Pakistan | ||
| Veddah | Sri Lanka | Dormant | |
| Venetian | 5 countries | ||
| Vlaams | Belgium, France, Netherlands | ||
| Walser | Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein | ||
| Westphalien | Germany | ||
| Wotapuri-Katarqalai | Afghanistan | Dormant | |
| Wymysorys | Poland | ||
| Yevanic | Greece | Dormant | |
| Zeeuws | Netherlands | ||
| Zoroastrian Dari | Iran | Endangered |
Classification and countries: Glottolog (CC BY 4.0). Endangerment status: Endangered Languages Project. Only languages with a profile here are listed, so the family may have more members.